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 The Traffic in Narcotics

Historical References

General Histories | Ancient History | 1800-1850 | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | 1890
1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990

 

THE TRAFFIC
IN
NARCOTICS

by

H. J. ANSLINGER

United States Commissioner of Narcotics

And

WILLIAM F. TOMPKINS

United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey Former Chairman, Legislative Commission to Study Narcotics, General Assembly of New Jersey

 

 

Page iv

***************

Copyright, 1953, by Funk & Wagnalls, Company

 

The Traffic in Narcotics Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 53-6984 Copyright under the articles of the Copyright Convention of the Pan American Republics and the United States. Printed in the United States of America

***************

INDEX

 

Abercrombie, Dr. T. F., 202

abstinence, 247

as cure, 207 symptoms of, 234-235, 246, 253

action, program of, 294-303

Adanon, 27, 334

addiction, Army records on, 265,284

cause of, 196, 223, 249-253

association as, 190-191, 195, 196, 251, 252, 277

characteristics of, 244-249

crime and, 267-268 criminals and, 171-173

defined, 12, 67, 68, 223, 242-243,286

diagnosis of, 231-236, 253

establishment of, 174, 179-180, 224-225

guarding against, 179-180

harm produced by, 244 in Canada, 11, 76, 206-212

in United States, 11, 165 191-206, 257, 263-266P 281-285

legalizing, fallacy of, 185-191

medical aspects of, 242-258

personality types and, 223, 250-251

prevention of, 257-258

principal areas of (world), 266-267, 279-281

teen-age, 166, 171, 195-196, 197,231, 232,238

treatment. See treatment

addiction-producing drugs, defined, 67

fundamental structure of, 68

addicts, character of, 225-226

cocaine, 239

commitment of (proposed state law), 298-299

control of, 226-228, 297

deception by, to obtain narcotics, 258-262

defined, 123, 230

disposition of cases by physicians, 236-238 f

former, management of disease in, 240-241

marihuana, 239

medical, 223, 224, 250

parasitic nature of, 170, 274

rationing of, 189

relapsed, management of, 241

reporting of, 236

teen-age, 166, 171, 195-196, 197, 231, 232, 238

what physicians should understand about, 224-230

with chronic diseases, 238-239

Page 337

 

 

INDEX Page 338

 

Adrian, Michigan, addicts in, 265

Advisory Committee on Traffic in opium and Other Dangerous Drugs, 38, 45, 49-53, 57, 60, 61, 62, 219, 220, 276

Afghanistan, estimates on narcotic drugs, 47

Africa, hemp plant grown in, 18

Albania, estimates on narcotic drugs, 47

Albany, New York, narcotic clinic in, 199-200

alcohol, 123, 207, 232, 239, 243, 252, 253, 287

Alexandria, Louisiana, narcotic dispensary in, 204

American Hospital Association, 239

American Medical Association, 130, 178, 187, 188, 2,39, 275, 290, 333

Committee on Narcotic Drugs, 192

Journal of, 130, 178, 187, 230n., 275, 333

American Psychiatric Association, The, 239

amidone, 243, 334

aminophylline, 178

amphetamine, 243

Anslinger, Harry J., 70-71, 72-73, 74-75, 100, 101, 102, 103-104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 115, 116, 278,285

Argentina, coca-leaf chewing in, 16

Asia Minor, poppy plant indigenous to, 13

association, as cause of addiction, 190-191, 195, 196, 251,252,277

asthma, severe, danger of opiates in, 178

Atlanta, Georgia, narcotic clinic in, 201-203

Penitentiary, 194

atomic energy, narcotics control pattern suggested for, 59-60

Austria, Shanghai Conference (1909), 29

Babylonians, knowledge of poppy's medicinal properties spread by, 1

Baltimore, Maryland, addiction in, 282

City Council, 222

barbiturates, 117-118, 123, 232, 239, 243, 244, 252, 253, 254,287

Baumm, 183

Bethel, Huckart W., 151

bhang, 18, 19

Bing, 184

Boggs Act, 170, 264, 293, 295-296

Boland, Dr. F. K., 202

Bolivia, coca-leaf chewing in, 16, 56-57, 280-281

Commission of Enquiry on the Coca Leaf, 56-57

source of cocaine, 16

Bonhoeffer, 225

Bouquet, Dr. J., 276-277

 

 

INDEX Page 339

Brazil, coca-leaf chewing in, 16.

hemp plant grown in, 18

marihuana in, 18, 280

British Malaya, opium smoking in, 54

British North. Borneo, opium smoking in, 54

bromides, 239, 243

Brunei, opium smoking in, 54

Buchalter, Louis (Lepke), 277

Buchalter-Katzenberg case, 59

Bulgaria, illicit traffic in, 51 poppy plant grown in, 13

Bureau of Social Hygiene, Inc., 332

Burma, hemp plant in, 18

opium smoking in, 54

source of narcotic supply, 10, 280

California, Bureau of Narcotics, 301

Canada, drug addiction in, 11, 76,277

heroin in, 76

member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

narcotic clinics in, 206-212

Canadian Narcotic Service, 206

Canadian Pacific Steamship Company, 144

Canaperia, Giovanni Alberto (Italy UN observer) , 105-107, 108, 109, 1112 112

cancer cases, opiates in, 178

Cannabis, addiction to, in Mexico, 281

control of, 37, 39

Cannabis indica, 18

Cannabis mexicana, 18

Cannabis sativa L., 18, 117

case histories and records, criminal records of addicts, 268-274

deception by addicts to obtain narcotics, 260-262

marihuana, 22-25

penalties for peddlers, 296

Ceylon, opium smoking in, 54

Chapman, Dr. Kenneth W., 278,285,289,290,292

charas, 18, 19

Chemistry of the Opium Alkaloids (Small), 176, 333-334

Cheng Lao San, 79-80

Chicago, Illinois, narcotic clinics in, 229

narcotic problem in, 282

narcotic squad in, 301

China, drug legislation in, 3, 6, 9

estimates on narcotic drugs, 47

Geneva Convention (1925), 33

Hague Convention, The (1912), 32

hemp plant in, 18

heroin in, 9, 63

illicit traffic in, 76-84, 92-99

member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

morphine in, 9, 73-74, 78

Opium Advisory Committee, 50

opium in, 2, 3-10, 30, 63, 73, 280

Opium War, 4, 7-8, 76-84

CONTENTS

 

 

INDEX Page 340

China (cont'd):

poppy plant grown in, 13

Shanghai conference (1909), 29

source of narcotic supply, 10

See also Hong Kong; Japan; Korea

chira, 19

chloral, 117

civil liability, 136-137

clinic plan, 185-191, 294

abuse under the, 188-189

clinics, narcotic, in Canada, 206-212

in the United States, 191-206, 229, 285, 289-290

Cloetta, 245

coca leaves, 244

Commission of Enquiry on the Coca Leaf, 56-57

derivatives of, 117, 230

Geneva Convention (1925), 33

legislation, 120-121

principal uses of, 16

production control, 39

cocaine, 16-18, 243

description of, 16-18, 286-287

diagnosis of addiction to, 233 discovery of, 17

Geneva Convention (1925), 33

Hague Convention, The (1912), 31-32

illicit traffic in, 34-35

intermittent nature of addiction to, 252

international control, 31, 32, 33

medicinal uses, 17

sniffed by addicts, 17

source of, 16

statistics, 52

traffic in United States, 281

coca-leaf chewing, 16-17, 56-57

codeine, abstinence from, 235, 247

derivative of morphine, 14, 16

isolated from opium, 14

medicinal uses, 16

coffee, 243

Colombia, coca-leaf chewing in, 16

Commission of Enquiry on the Coca Leaf, 56-57

Communists, traffic in narcotic drugs, 10-11

compulsory treatment, 240, 291

concealment, places of, 171-173

Copeland, Dr. Royal, 290

coqueo, 16

cough remedies, 15, 181, 182, 183

courts, prosecution and the, 167

See also U. S. Supreme Court

crime, drug addiction and, 194

marihuana and, 25-26

narcotics and, 267-278

criminals, addiction and, 171-173

cure. See treatment

Czechoslovakia, addiction in, 279

dagga, 18

Dangerous Drugs (Woods), 271

Davison, Dr., 289

 

 

INDEX Page 341

Demerol, 26, 117, 243

diagnosis of addiction to, 253,334

desomorphine, 178

Detroit, Michigan, narcotic traffic in, 282

Devakul (Thailand UN observer), 99, 100

diacetylmorphine, 15

Hague Convention, The (1912), 31

international control, 31

seized in Japan, 113

diagnosis, of addiction, 231-236, 253

diarrhea, opium used in treatment of, 2, 14, 15

dicodid, 14, 183-184

dihydrocodeinone, 243

abstinence symptoms, 235

dihydromorphinone, 243

abstinence symptoms, 235, 247

dihydromorphinone hydrochloride, 15

dilaudid, 14, 15, 184-185, 243

dionin, 14, 15

disarmament, narcotics control pattern suggested for, 59-60

disease, management of, in former addicts, 240-241

Dixon, W. E., 183

djamba, 18

dolantin, 243, 334

dolophine, 27, 243, 334

Dorn, Major Harold F., 265

Dowling, Dr. Oscar F., 206

Dromoran, 27, 334

abstinence symptoms, 235

druggists, deceptions by addicts to obtain narcotics from, 258-262

inventory, 124

Prescriptions, 125-132

registration of, 124

registry number, 124

responsibility of, 132

drugs, narcotic, comparison of degree of narcosis, 182

dysentery, opium used as remedy for, 2

East India Company, 2, 3, 4, 5

Eddy, Dr. Nathan B., 175, 177, 178, 183, 184, 245, 334

education, anti-narcotic, 219-221

Egypt, chira in, 19

drug addiction in, 11, 280

hashish in, 19

knowledge Of poppy's medicinal properties in, 1

member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

smuggling. 101

Eliopoulos, Elie, 59

enforcement of narcotic laws, 165-171

levels of, 301-303

responsibility for, 168-171

England. See Great Britain

ephedrine, 178

epinephrine, 178

erythroxyline, 17

Erythroxylon coca Lamarck, 16

esrar, 18

ethylmorphine hydrochloride, 15

eucodal, 182-183, 243

abstinence symptoms, 235

 

 

 

 

INDEX Page 342

Expert Committee on Drugs Liable to Produce Addiction, 64-65

definition of addiction-forming drugs, 67-68

definition of drug addiction, 67

definition of habit-forming drugs, 68

Ezzat, Ibrahim (Egypt UN representative), 101, 103, 104

famine, opium and, 2

federal jurisdiction, 117-154

Fishbein, Dr. Morris, 130

follow-up treatment, 228, 240, 297

Food and Drug Administration, 334

Foreign Policy Association, 55

Formosa, 114, 189, 190, 267, 290

opium smoking in, 54, 189, 190,267

Formosa plan, the, 189-190

France, addiction in, 279, 280

illict traffic driven from, 51

member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

Opium Advisory Committee, 50

opium smoking suppressed by, 56

Shanghai conference (1909), 29

French Indochina, opium smoking in, 54

ganja, 19

Gardeke, 17

Geilen, 224

General Federation of Women's Clubs, 222

Geneva Convention (1925), 33-34, 35, 36, 39, 40, 41, 43, 51, 52, 53, 57, 64, 65, 140, 143, 257

provisions of, 43-44

Germany, drug addiction in, 11,279

estimates on narcotic drugs, 47

Permanent Central Board and, 43

Shanghai conference (1909), 29

gil, 1

Gilmartin, Peter F., 201

Gioffredi, 245

Goodman, Judge Louis E., 154

Great Britain, drug addiction in, 11, 279, 280

Indian hemp in, 18

member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

Opium Advisory Committee, 50

opium smoking suppressed by, 56

Opium War, 4, 7-8

Shanghai conference (1909), 29

Greece, chira in, 19

hemp plant grown in, 18

heroin in, 63

knowledge of poppy's medicinal properties in, 1

Griffin, Dr. Clifford, 201

 

 

INDEX Page 343

habit-forming drugs, defined, 68, 123,230

habituation, 244-245, 248-249, 252

Hague Convention, The (1912), 31-32, 33, 40, 49-50, 53, 57, 138, 149, 185, 283, 317

Harrison Narcotic Act, 118-119, 123, 124, 128, 138-139, 156, 159, 166 174, 185, 187, 189, 195: 198, 199, 204, 257, 263-264, 276, 285, 291, 319

constitutionality of, 133

hashish, 18, 243

Heard, Augustine, & Company, 8

hemp, methods of use by addicts, 19

hemp plant, 18

heptazone, 243

Herbst, Dr., 293

heroin, depressant drug, 287

derivative of morphine, 14

description of, 15

Geneva Convention (1925), 33

Hague Convention, The (1912), 31

in China, 9, 10

illicit traffic in, 63

international control, 31-32, 33

legislation, 11, 15

prices of, 281

seizures of, 83-84

smuggling, 10, 11, 63, 70, 79-80, 91-92, 281

statistics, 52

symptoms of abstinence, 235, 247

Hesse, Erich, 224, 225

Himmelsbach, C. K., 184, 246, 248,285,384

Holland. See Netherlands

Hong Kong, illicit traffic in, 86-91,113-115

Opium in, 54, 63

prices for narcotics in, 114=115

smuggling activities, 70, 71

hospitals, for teen-age addicts (New York city), 229, 284

Marine (Baltimore), 175

Massachusetts Health Department, 175

New York City, 193

United States Public Health Service, 122-123, 175, 229, 231, 239, 240, 241, 242, 257, 264, 278, 284, 285-286

University of Michigan, 175-176

Walter Reed, 175

Hsia (Chinese UN representative), 73

Hubbard, S. Dana, 195, 205-206

Hungary, Shanghai conference (1909), 29

hydrotherapy, 255

hyoscine, 254

Incas, coca-leaf chewing by, 16

India, addiction in, 280

drug legislation in, 19

hemp consumption in, 19

 

 

INDEX Page 344

India (cont'd):

hemp plant in, 18

marihuana in, 18

member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

Opium Advisory Committee, 50

opium in, 2, 4, 54, 58

poppy plant grown in, 13

source of narcotic supply, 10

Indian hemp, 18, 19, 230

insulin, 254

Internal Revenue, Director of, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124, 125

Internal Revenue Code, 118, 127,149

international cooperation, in narcotics control, 29-116

Geneva Convention (1925), 33-34, 35, 36, 39, 40 41, 43, 51, 52, 53, 57, 64: 65, 140, 143, 257

provisions of, 43-44

Hague Convention, The (1912), 31-32, 33, 40, 49-50, 53, 57, 138, 149, 185, 283, 317

Limitation Convention (1931), 34-36, 41-43, 46, 49, 54, 57, 58, 61, 62, 64, 66, 117, 143, 149, 219n.

provisions of, 44-45

Protocol of 1946, 38, 45, 49, 61,65

Protocol of 1948, 27-28, 64, 65, 66, 67, 140

Shanghai conference (1909), 29-30, 31,53

United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs. See United Nations

International Opium Commission, 29, 30, 31, 53

International Opium Conference (Geneva, 1925), 33-34

international police cooperation, 59

Iran, member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

opium in, 42-43, 54, 58, 280

poppy plant grown in, 13

source of narcotic supply, 10

Isbell, Dr. Harris, 177n., 231, 242

isomethadone, 243

isonipecaine, 26, 117, 123, 230

Istanbul, Turkey, addiction in, 280

Italy, drug legislation in, 11, 279

heroin in, 11, 63

illicit traffic in, 105-112

Shanghai conference (1909), 29

source of narcotic supply, 10, 11

Japan, addiction in, 11, 280

heroin in, 10

Opium Advisory Committee, 50

opium in, 10

opium used as war tool by, 8-10

Shanghai conference (1909), 29

Jardine, William, 7

 

 

INDEX Page 345

Journal, The (American Medical Association), 180, 178, 187, 230n., 275

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 177n.

juvenile delinquency, 166

kif, 18

King, R. B., 184

Kleinschmidt, 183

Kobe, Japan, 83

Kolb, Dr. Lawrence, Sr., 223, 244, 245, 249, 250, 251, 252, 254, 285, 286, 292

Korea, heroin in, 85-86

morphine in, 85

opium in, 85, 280

Kowalczyk, Mrs. (Poland UN representative), 115

Kreuger, 177n., 334

Krishnamoorthy, E. S. (India UN representative), 101, 107

Kruysse (Netherlands UN representative) 100, 103

Kwangchow-wan, 141

opium smoking in, 54

Kwantung Leased Territory, Opium smoking in, 54

La Guardia Committee on marihuana, 168

laudanum, 14, 2,31, 284

League of Nations, 34, 36, 38, 39, 44, 46, 49-50, 57, 59, 188, 189, 206, 219, 220, 257

Health Committee, 45, 64, 65,66

Lebanon, hemp plant in, 18

source of narcotic supply, 10

legislation, 118-122, 138-141 146-147, 174, 257, 293: 295-296, 302, 303

Boggs Act (1951), 170, 264, 293, 295-296

effective, basic requirement for, 297-298

enforcement of 165-171 levels of, 301-303 responsibility for, 168-171

Harrison Narcotic Act, 118-119, 123, 124, 128, 138-139, 174, 257, 263-264, 276, 285, 291

heroin, 11, 15

in China, 3, 6, 9

in India, 19

in Italy, 11

in United States, 15, 26, 27

Indian hemp, 19

isonipecaine, 26

marihuana, 26

Marihuana Tax Act, 118, 119-120,149

Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act, 118, 120-121, 139-140, 276

opium, 3, 6, 9

Opium Poppy Control Act (1942), 137-138

Uniform Narcotic Drug Act, 127-128, 155-164, 169, 170, 283, 293

Levin, William, 152, 278

Liang (China UN representative), 113

Limitation Convention (1931), 34-36, 41-43, 46, 49, 54, 57, 58, 61, 62, 64, 66, 117, 143, 149, 219n.

 

 

INDEX Page 346

provisions of, 44-45

Lin Tsê hsü, 6, 7

lobotomy, prefrontal, 255

Los Angeles, California, narcotic clinic in, 205-206

narcotic problem in, 283

narcotic squad in, 301

Louisiana Medical Association, 204

Louisiana State Board of Health, 204, 206

Lutz, 334

Macao, opium smoking in, 54

Macedonia, poppy plant grown in, 13

maconha, 18

Malaya, anti-narcotic propaganda, 219

illicit traffic in, 91

opium smoking in, 54

source of narcotic supply, 10

manzoul, 18

Marabella (schooner), 141-142

marihuana, 18-26, 287

case histories, 22-25

commercial uses, 18-19

defined, 117

description of, 18-26

diagnosis of addiction to, 233

effect on the individual, 20-22

La Guardia Committee on, 168

legislation, 26, 118, 119-120, 149

methods of use by addicts, 19, 20

smuggling, 20

social aspects, 25-26

therapeutic value, 19, 20-21

Marihuana Tax Act, 118, 119-120, 149

Marine Hospital (Baltimore), 175

Marme, 245

Marshall, Humphrey, 8

Massachusetts Health Department hospitals, 175

May, Herbert L., 60, 75, 111

Mayer, R. F., 184

McCarthy, Judge William T., 276

medical addicts, 223, 224, 250

medical science, narcotics and, 174-212

Melchior, Mrs. (Poland UN representative), 74

meperidine, 231, 232, 233, 243

abstinence symptoms, 235

diagnosis of addiction to, 253

Merck, 14

mescaline, 243

Methadone, 27, 68, 228, 231, 233, 243, 334

abstinence symptoms, 235

diagnosis of addiction to, 253

substitute for morphine, 254

methyldihydromorphinone, 243

metopon, 243

abstinence symptoms, 235, 247

Mexican Penal Act, 300

Mexico, addiction in, 277

hemp plant grown in, 18

marihuana in, 281

member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

 

 

INDEX Page 347

Mexico (cont'd):

source of narcotic supply, 10

Micbelsen, Judge Twain, 271-272

Michigan, narcotic traffic in, 282

State Board of Health, 265

University of, 175

hospital, 175-176

Michigan Medical Society, 283

Migliardi, Professor, 106, 108-109, 110

Mills, Wilbur D., 146

Minnesota, legislation and addiction in, 298

Mohammedanism, opium and, 2

Morocco, hemp consumption in, 19

marihuana in, 18

morphine, depressant drug, 287

derivatives of, 14

description of, 14-15

factory in China, 73-74

Geneva Convention (1925), 33

Hague Convention, The (1912), 31-32

illicit traffic in, 34, 52

international control, 30, 31-32, 33

isolated from opium, 14

medicinal uses, 14-15, 174

pleasure induced by, 249

research, 175, 180-181

Shanghai conference (1909), 30

smuggling, 142

statistics, 52

substitutes for, 182-185, 254

Supervisory Body, action of, 49

Symptoms of abstinence, 234-235, 247, 248, 252

tolerance, 180

VS. other remedies, 178-179

morphine hydrochloride, 14

morphine sulfate, 14

Mosettig, Dr. Erich, 175, 384

Motion Picture Producers Association of America, 215

Mueller de la Fuente, 184

Murder, Inc., 277

N. Y. K. (Japanese) Steamship Company, 145

Naguib, General, 280

N-allylnormorphine, 236

Nanking, Treaty of (1842), 4, 7

narceine, 14

Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act, 118, 120-121, 139-140, 149, 159, 276, 319

Narcotic Educational Association of Michigan, Inc., 275

narcotine, 14

Nasholds, Millard K., 86

National Research Council, Committee on Drug Addiction and Narcotics, 27, 175, 176, 177, 230-231, 243, 286, 332-335

National Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 221

Nedins, Dr. J. W., 205

Netherlands, Hague Convention, The (1912), 31-32

 

 

INDEX Page 348

Netherlands (cont'd):

illicit traffic in, 51

member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

Opium Advisory Committee, 50

opium smoking, suppressed by, 56, 280

Shanghai conference (1909), 29

Netherlands Indies, opium smoking in, 54

New Haven, Connecticut, narcotic clinic in, 200-201

New Jersey, efforts to combat addiction in, 281-282, 285, 296, 297, 300, Sol, 303

New Orleans, Louisiana, addiction in, 283

New York City, New York, Department of Health, 193, 194,195,196,206

hospital for teen-age addicts, 229

narcotic clinics, 193-199

narcotic squad in, 301

Prison, 194

Woman's Workhouse, Blackwell's Island, 194

New York State, narcotic clinics in, 193-200, 290

Newark New Jersey, narcotic squad in, 301

Newman (Neiditch) brothers, 278

Nieman, 17

Nikolic, Dragon (Yugoslavia UN representative), 101, 102,103

Nisentil, 27

Norfolk, Virginia, addiction in, 283

Novocaine, 17

occupational therapy, 212, 228, 256

Office International d'Hygiene Publique, 45, 65, 66

opium, abstinence symptoms, 247

alkaloids, chemistry of, 176

pharmacology of, 177-178

anatomy of, 13-16

codeine isolated from, 14

defined, 13

derivatives of, 13-16, 117, 182, 230, 243

history of, 1-9

legislation, 3, 6, 120-121

medicinal uses, 1-3, 11, 13-16, 174

morphine isolated from, 14

production, limitation of, 57-58

smoking, suppression of, 53-56, 62

smuggling, 8, 10, 63, 72, 73, 141

tool of war, 8-10

traffic in, 3-8, 76-84

Opium Advisory Committee, 38, 49-53, 57, 60, 61, 62, 219, 220, 276

duties, 50

effectiveness, 50

Opium Poppy Control Act (1942), 137-138, 149

Opium War (1840-42), 4, 7-8

 

 

INDEX Page 349

Or, Cenalettin, 100

oxydimorphine, 245, 247

Palmerston, Lord, 7

pantopon, 128

Papaver somniferum Linne, 13

papaverine, discovery of, 14

medicinal use, 16

papaverine hydrochloride, 16

Paracelsus, 14

paregoric, 14, 128

Parents-Teacher Associations, 222

Parmagini, Antone (Black Tony), 151, 152, 278

Paschal, Dr., 206

penalties, for violation of Harrison Narcotic Act, 119

imposed on peddlers and addicts, 103-104, 167, 264, 280, 282, 293, 295-298, 300

Pennsylvania, addiction in, 282

Bureau of Narcotics, 301

Permanent Central Board, 34, 39-45, 46, 47, 48, 74, 75

annual report (1951), 42

membership, 89-40

Washington office, 53

Persia, knowledge of poppy's medicinal properties in, 1

Shanghai conference (1909), 29

Peru, coca-leaf chewing in, 16, 56-57, 280-281

cocaine factories closed in, 18,281

Commission of Enquiry on the Coca Leaf, 56-57

member of United Nations

Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

source of cocaine, 16

pethidine, 68, 334

peyote, 230, 243, 287

Pharmacology of the Opium Alkaloids, The, 177, 334

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, addiction in, 282

Philippines, illicit traffic in, 91

narcotic drug problem in, 29, 53, 55

physepteone, 243

physical dependence, 244, 245-246, 247, 254

physicians, basic principles for, 230

change of address, 125

deceptions by addicts to obtain narcotics from, 258-262

disposition of addiction cases by, 236-238

inspection, 125

inventory, 124

order forms, 125

prescriptions, 125-132

professional liability, 128-130

registration of, 123-125

registry number, 124

Uniform Narcotic Drug Act and, 164

what they should understand about addicts, 224-230

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, addiction in, 282

Poland, estimates on narcotic drugs, 47

member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

CONTENTS

 

 

INDEX Page 350

police, local, responsibility of, 169-170, 274

Poole, Lamarr, 202

poppy, 1, 11

control of, 37

cultivation in China, 9

in antiquity, 1-3

medicinal properties of, 1-3

Portugal, Opium Advisory Committee, 50

opium smoking suppressed by, 56, 280

Shanghai conference (1909), 29

prescriptions, 125-132

Court decision on nature of, 187-188

filling, 126-127

legality, 125-126

state controls, 127-128

procaine, 17

propaganda, anti-narcotic, 219-221

prosecution, Courts and, 167

proselytism, 300

Protocol of 1946, 38, 45, 49, 61, 65

Protocol of 1948, 27-28, 64, 65, 66 ,67,140

Providence, Rhode Island, narcotic clinic in, 201

psychoneurotic disorders, 223, 250-251

psychopaths, 223, 251

psychotherapy, 228, 240, 256, 289

public attitude, need for intelligent, 228-229

public opinion, need for enlightened, 168, 192

publicity, 213-222

Ratigan, Dr. Thomas P., Jr., 135-136

Reed, William B., 8

rehabilitative therapy, 253, 255-257

Reichard, Dr. J. D., 227

Reid, 183, 184

relapse, tendency to, 252

reporting, problems of, 217-218

research, 175-178, 180-181, 229, 258, 284, 285, 286, 333-334

Rhein, Dr. J. H. W., 209

Richmond, Virginia, addiction in, 283

Richtzenhain, 184

Rickmann, 183

Ries, 184

Robiquet, 14

Rochester, New York, narcotic clinic in, 200

Roller, 184

Romania, estimates of narcotic drugs, 47

Rowe, Burton F., 151

Russell & Company, 8

Russia. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Sabath, Adolph J., 147

St. Louis, Missouri, narcotic traffic in, 282

Sametinger, 184

San Diego, California, narcotic clinic in, 205, 206

Sanders, B. S., 184

santonin, 71

Sarawak, opium smoking in, 54

Schelenz, 184

Schiapparelli case, 106, 108-109

 

 

INDEX Page 351

scopolamine, 254

seamen, smuggling by, 101-103,144-148

Seevers, 245, 247, 248

Senate Committee on Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce, 168

Serturner, 14

Shanghai conference (1909), 29-30, 31, 53

Sharman, Colonel C. H. L. (Canada UN representative), 76, 101, 102, 103,104, 110, 206

shipping, narcotics in relation to, 141-148

Shreveport, Louisiana, narcotic clinic in, 203-204, 290

Siam. See Thailand

Sing Sing Prison, 194

Singapore, 114, 115

Small, Dr. Lyndon F., 175, 176, 178, 292, 334

smuggling, 141-148

by seamen, 101-102, 144-148

from China, 69-71

from Korea, 69-71

heroin, 10, 11, 63, 70-72, 79-80, 91-92, 281

into United States, 20, 41, 63, 91-92, 141, 150, 165

marihuana , 20

morphine, 142

opium, 8, 10, 63, 72, 73, 141

postwar methods, 145-148

prewar methods, 141-145

sociological implications, 263-293

sources, of narcotic supply, 10 control at, 135, 136

South Africa, marihuana in, 18

Spier, Dr. S. L., 201

states, responsibility of, 155-164

Steil, 224

Straits Settlements, anti-narcotic propaganda in, 219

Sumerians , Poppy cultivated by, 1

Sumwalt, 177n., 334

Supervisory Body, 42,45-49

appointments to, 45, 66

branch office in Washington, 53

composition, 45

functions, 46-48

mandate of, 49

members, 45, 206

personal qualifications of, 46

tenure of office, 46

results, 48-49

secretariat, 46

Switzerland, 279

illicit traffic in, 51

Sydenharn, 13

synthetic narcotic drugs, 26-27, 283

Syria, chira in, 19

hashish in, 19

hemp plant in, 18

source of narcotic supply, 10

takrouri, 18, 19

Tatum, 245, 247, 248

tea, 243

teen-age addiction, 166, 171, 195-196, 197, 231, 232, 238

Texas, addiction in, 282-283

Thailand (Siam), Opium Advisory Committee, 50

Opium cultivation in, 100

 

 

INDEX Page 352

Thailand (Siam) (cont'd): opium smoking in, 54, 56, 63, 100, 280

propaganda in, 219

Shanghai conference (1909), 29

source of narcotic supply, 10

thebaine, 14, 182

therapy, occupational, 212, 228, 256

rehabilitative, 253, 255-257

Tientsin, China, 9

To, Dr. Tsungming, 189-190, 267,290

tobacco, 243

Tokyo, Japan, 84

tolerance, defined, 244 development of, 245, 250, 287, 288

Treadway, Dr. Walter, 286

treatment, 226-228, 236-241, 253-258, 289, 303

addicts with chronic diseases, 238-239

adolescent addicts, 238

choice of institution, 239

cocaine addicts, 239

compulsory, 240, 291

disposition of cases by physicians, 236-238

facilities for, 229-230

follow-up, 228, 240, 297

marihuana addicts, 239

Treaty of Nanking (1842), 4, 7

Trieste, heroin investigation in, 63

Tsungming, Dr., To, 189-190, 267,290

Tunisia, addiction in, 277

hemp consumption in, 19

takrouri in, 18, 19

Turkey, addiction in, 11, 280

hemp plant in, 18

heroin in, 63

marihuana in, 18

member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

opium production in, 58

poppy plant grown in, 13

source of narcotic supply, 10

Turner, 8

Uniform Narcotic Drug Act, 127-128, 155-164, 169, 170,283,293

text of, 318-331

what it will accomplish, 317-318

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, addiction in, 74-75, 279

estimates on narcotic drugs, 47

Shanghai conference (1909), 29

United Kingdom. See Great Britain

United Nations, 283

Bulletin on Narcotics, 242

Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 45, 47, 53, 60-64, 67, 208, 220

action on coca-leaf chewing, 56-57

Canadian representative, 206

composition, 61

discussions of, examples, 69-116

duties, 61-62

established, 38, 60

 

 

INDEX Page 353

United Nations (cont'd):

Commission on Narcotic Drugs (cont'd):

international control procedures, 27-28

opium production, limitation of, 57-58

recommendations made by, 62-63

report (March 10, 1952), 10

sessions, 40, 46, 57, 58, 61, 63,145,147,148

tenure of members, 61

unified Convention proposed by, 38-39

United States representative, 149

Economic and Social Council, 38, 40, 56, 58, 60, 61, 63,147,220

San Francisco Conference, 60

Secretary-General, 46, 49, 61, 162, 63, 147, 148, 220

United Nations World (magazine), 60

United States

Bureau of Narcotics, 134-135, 143, 144, 148-154, 166 167, 169, 170, 188, 221, 240, 258, 261, 262, 264, 265, 268, 274, 284, 301, 334

booklet recommended by, 222

duties of, 149

established, 117, 140

international police co-operation, 59

investigational methods, 149-154

investigations conducted in Italy, 11

marihuana eradication program, 26

reporting of addicts, 236

studies of relationship between crime and addiction, 268

synthetic narcotic drugs and, 26-27

Coast Guard, 142

cocaine traffic in, 281

Commissioner of Narcotics, 38, 55, 59, 135, 136, 137, 140, 148, 149, 265, 270, 278, 287, 288,332

Customs Bureau, 149

drug addiction in, 11, 165, 191-206, 257, 263-266, 281-285

federal jurisdiction, 117-154

Geneva Convention (1925), 33

Hague Convention, The (1912), 31-32

hemp plant grown in, 18

heroin in, 10

illicit traffic in, 145

marihuana in, 20

member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

narcotic clinics in, 191-206, 229, 285, 289-290

Opium Advisory Committee, 50

 

 

INDEX Page 354

United States (cont'd):

opium in, 10

opium production, efforts to limit, 57-58

opium smoking suppressed by, 53-56

President, 117, 264

Secretary of the Treasury, 27, 117, 148, 166

Shanghai conference (1909), 29,30

smuggling of narcotics into, 20, 41, 63, 91-92, 141, 150,165

State Department, 149

Supreme Court, 133, 134, 167, 187, 290, 295

Treasury Department, 117, 119, 302

United States Pharmacopoeia, definition of opium, 13

United States Public Health Service, 27, 175, 176, 178, 184, 284, 332, 334

hospitals, 122-123, 175, 229, 231, 239, 240, 241, 242, 257, 264, 278, 284, 285-286

survey (1924), 265

Vaille, Charles (France UN representative), 75, 100, 105, 108, 110, 112, 114

Versailles Peace Treaty, 49

Virginia, addiction in, 283

University of, 175, 176

Vogel, Dr. Victor H., 242

Walker (England UN representative), 104, 108, 114

Walter Reed Hospital, 175

wars, drug addiction and, 55

Washington, D. C., addiction in, 282, 283, 285

Washington Psychiatric Society, 278

Webber, Max, 153

Wehl, 184

Weinberg, 184

Whittemore Gang, 270

Wikler, 245, 246, 248, 252

Williams, Dr. E. H., 205, 292

Williams, Lenneth F., 152, 153

Wilson, R. S. S., 206-207, 274

Wisconsin, legislation and addiction in, 298

withdrawal, of drugs from addicts, 253-255

Wohlgemuth, 183

Woods, Arthur, 271

World Health Organization, 27, 28, 45, 64-67

functions, 65-66

World War II, opium and, 8

Yokohama, Japan, 82, 83-84

Yugoslavia, illicit traffic in, 51

member of United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 61

opium production in, 58

poppy plant grown in, 13

Yung Chen, Emperor, 3

Yunnan, source of opium, 280

Zakusov (U.S.S.R. UN representative), 72, 74

Zonov, Vasili (U.S.S.R. UN representative), 99, 104, 105, 115